Bir dili zenginle\u015ftiren ve onu ham bir dil olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p i\u015flenmi\u015f bir dil durumuna getiren iki temel kaynak vard\u0131r: Y\u00f6resel ve ulusal \u00e7apta s\u00f6zc\u00fck taramalar\u0131, yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere gereksinim do\u011fdu\u011funda dilin s\u00f6zc\u00fck \u00fcretme-t\u00fcretme yollar\u0131n\u0131 ustaca kullanarak dile yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fckler \u00f6nerme.<\/p>\n
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Birinci yola \u00f6rnek olarak TDK\u2019nin 1965-1977 y\u0131llar\u0131nda yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 8 ciltlik Tarama S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc verilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci yola \u00f6rnek olarak da bug\u00fcn hepimizin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci, \u00f6\u011fretmen, okul, do\u011fa, do\u011fal, duygusal, sanal, \u00f6zg\u00fcn, s\u00f6zc\u00fck, olanak, olas\u0131l\u0131k, bilgisayar gibi g\u00f6rece yak\u0131n tarihli ama art\u0131k dilimizin olmazsa olmazlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri verebiliriz.<\/p>\n
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Elbette bu t\u00fcr s\u00f6zc\u00fckler, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6zelikle Dil Devrimi d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131nca yad\u0131rganm\u0131\u015f, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131, yayg\u0131nla\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bin dereden su getirilmi\u015ftir. Hatta \u201cOsmanl\u0131cac\u0131\u201d diye genelleyebilece\u011fimiz bu ayak direyenler grubu, \u201cYa\u015fayan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda kendilerini gizleyerek dili\u00a0 yabanc\u0131 tortulardan temizleme, yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fckler bularak dilimizi ar\u0131nd\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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\u015eimdi size g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 gelebilir ama ben Atat\u00fcrk Lisesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011frenciyken \u201cdo\u011fa\u201d ve \u201colanak\u201d dedi\u011fim i\u00e7in benimle \u201cO\u011flum bo\u011fa m\u0131 diyon, avanak m\u0131 diyon?\u201d diye e\u011flenen bir \u201cMill\u00ee G\u00fcvenlik\u201d dersi \u00f6\u011fretmenim vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
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\u00dcniversitede bile \u201c\u00d6\u011frenci T\u00fcrk\u00e7e de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc eylemler -ci eki almaz; okul, Frans\u0131zca ekol\u2019den yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma uydurma bir kelimedir.\u201d diyen \u201choca\u201dlar\u0131m\u0131z vard\u0131. Peki kendi \u00f6nerileri neydi? Arap\u00e7a \u201ctalebe\u201d ve \u201cmektep\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerini kullanmak (!)<\/p>\n
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Hi\u00e7 unutmam, bir g\u00fcn tam ben yanlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erken, b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencisi bir gen\u00e7 bir kahvehanede masadaki di\u011fer arkada\u015flar\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cBizim bir hoca var, dil i\u015fini ondan soracaks\u0131n. Ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ekleri anlat\u0131yordu, daha do\u011frusu uyduruk bi\u00e7imde t\u00fcretilen s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri anlat\u0131yordu; dedi ki, \u00a0biri bana -ci ekiyle t\u00fcretilmi\u015f \u015fu uyduruk \u2018\u00f6\u011frenci\u2019 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fiilden isim olmu\u015f tek kelime bulup s\u00f6ylesin, ben bu mesle\u011fi b\u0131rak\u0131r\u0131m.\u201d<\/p>\n
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Elimi hafif\u00e7e omzuna koyup \u201cHocana s\u00f6yle mesle\u011fi b\u0131raks\u0131n: dilenci.\u201d dedim. Delikanl\u0131 \u00f6ylece bakakald\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcme, arkada\u015flar\u0131 ona bak\u0131p g\u00fclmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. H\u00e2lbuki bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birine gerek yoktu. Elbette genel olarak eylemlerden \u201c-ici\u201d adlardan \u201c-ci\u201d ekiyle s\u00f6zc\u00fck t\u00fcretilir: it-ici, sat-\u0131c\u0131, g\u00f6r-\u00fcc\u00fc, tut-ucu; sa\u011f-c\u0131, i\u015f-\u00e7i, ku\u015f-\u00e7u, \u00fct\u00fc-c\u00fc\u2026 \u0130yi de dil matematik gibi her zaman iki kere iki d\u00f6rt eden bir olgu de\u011fil ki!.. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201c-gin\u201d eki eylemlerden ad t\u00fcretir: bil-gin, yan-g\u0131n, s\u00fcz-g\u00fcn, ol-gun… Pek b\u00f6yledir diye \u201cd\u00fczg\u00fcn\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cd\u00fcz\u201dden de\u011fil de \u201cd\u00fczmek\u201dten mi t\u00fcretilmi\u015f diyece\u011fiz? \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcn\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zmek\u201dten mi t\u00fcremi\u015f, \u201c\u00f6z\u201dden mi? Dilde her zaman \u201cistisnalar\u201d vard\u0131r ve as\u0131l olan\u0131n yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn anlam\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 ve c\u00fcmlede kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cT\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201c-sel \/ -sal\u201d eki yoktur!\u201d diye benim gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131mda y\u0131rt\u0131nanlar, \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck uydurmad\u0131r!\u201d diye hop oturup hop kalkanlar bug\u00fcn \u201cduygusal sorunlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d\u0131, \u201ckarasal iklim\u201di, \u201c\u00fclkenin yap\u0131sal durumunu\u201d, \u201ckurumsal kimliklerini\u201d s\u0131k s\u0131k ve de \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrce\u201d ne ho\u015f kullan\u0131yorlar de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
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Dil konusundaki bu iki farkl\u0131 tutum -ta Divan\u00fc L\u00fcgat\u2019it T\u00fcrk\u2019le Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmud\u2019dan, Karamano\u011flu Mehmed Bey\u2019den, Karac\u2019o\u011flanlardan,\u00a0 Tanzimat D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin sadele\u015fme e\u011filimlerinden,\u00a0 H\u00fcseyin Rahmi G\u00fcrp\u0131narlardan, \u00d6mer Seyfettinlerden, Ziya G\u00f6kalplerden, 1932\u2019de T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu\u2019nun kurulu\u015fundan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar- hep var oldu ve olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
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Elbette bir dilin, b\u00f6ylesi bir \u00e7a\u011fda, hi\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck bar\u0131nd\u0131rmayacak duruma getirilmesi olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. De\u011fildir de, bu ger\u00e7ek, ana dili olabildi\u011fince ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak, temizlemek, kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc s\u00f6zc\u00fckleriyle bir dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim dili olarak ya\u015fatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla neden \u00e7eli\u015fsin? Bug\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019da da, ba\u015fta Fransa olmak \u00fczere her \u00fclkede ayd\u0131nlar \u00f6zellikle \u0130ngilizcenin ana dillerini egemenlik alt\u0131na alma \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal dillerini korumak i\u00e7in yasa \u00e7\u0131karabiliyor. \u0130ngilizce elbette bir d\u00fcnya dili ve herkesin onu \u00f6\u011frenmeye, bilmeye, anlamaya, konu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir \u015fey. Ancak, \u0130ngilizceyi d\u00f6rt d\u00f6rtl\u00fck bilmek ba\u015fka \u015fey, ana dilini \u0130ngilizce ya da ba\u015fka bir yabanc\u0131 dilin s\u00f6zc\u00fckleriyle doldurmak ba\u015fka \u015fey.<\/p>\n
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\u0130ngilizcenin T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye verdi\u011fi zarar da az buz de\u011fil ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 da sava\u015f\u0131m verilmeli ama bizde daha ilgin\u00e7 bir durum var. Cumhuriyet\u2019le birlikte T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, Osmanl\u0131ca denilen ne id\u00fc\u011f\u00fc belirsiz \u00e7orba dilden b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ay\u0131klanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle 1932\u2019de T\u00fcrk Dili Tetkik Cemiyeti\u2019nin (daha sonra T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu) kurulmas\u0131yla dilde \u00f6zle\u015fme ve geli\u015fmede b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok eski s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz halk\u0131n da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan derlenerek yeniden dilimize kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken yabanc\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nerilen ve be\u011fenilip yayg\u0131nla\u015fan yepyeni s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerle dilimizin anlat\u0131m olanaklar\u0131 daha da geni\u015fledi. Elbette bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00f6nerilen ama elenen \u201ctilcik\u201d gibi (\u201ckelime\u201d yerine) tutmayan ve elenen s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de oldu ama \u201ctilcik\u201dten sonra \u201cs\u00f6zc\u00fck\u201d t\u00fcretilip \u00f6nce dilciler sonra halk aras\u0131nda benimsenip yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ise sular\u0131 tersine ak\u0131tma gibi bir e\u011filim yeniden hortlat\u0131lmak isteniyor. G\u00fczelim \u201cdedikodu\u201dlar\u0131m\u0131z \u201cg\u0131ybet\u201d, \u201cs\u0131navlardaki \u201cs\u00f6zc\u00fck\u201dlerimiz \u201ckelime\u201d, \u201cbelirte\u00e7\u201dlerimiz \u201czarf\u201d, \u201cilge\u00e7\u201dlerimiz \u201cedat\u201d oldu ka\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu\u2019nun bu yozla\u015fma ve \u201cgericile\u015fme\u201ddeki rol\u00fc ile 1982 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131ndaki evrimi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn konusu olacak. Ancak \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 da yazarak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bitireyim: Ad\u0131 T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu olan kurum, 1982\u2019de Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn vasiyetine kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6zerk yap\u0131s\u0131na el konularak bir devlet kurumu h\u00e2line getirilmi\u015f ve bu yeni \u201cT\u00fcrk\u201d Dil Kurumu\u2019nun ilk i\u015flerinden biri daha \u00f6nce g\u00fczelim T\u00fcrk\u00e7e adla \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cYaz\u0131m K\u0131lavuzu\u201dnun ad\u0131n\u0131 \u201c\u0130ml\u00e2 K\u0131lavuzu\u201dna \u00e7evirmek olmu\u015ftur. K\u0131lavuz i\u00e7indeki a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131nda da dili en az 20-30 y\u0131l geriye g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve kullan\u0131lmakta olan dil bilgisi terimlerini bile eski adlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7elerini unutturma yoluna gidilmek istenmi\u015ftir: \u201cEylem\u201d yerine \u0131srarla \u201cfiil\u201d, \u201ceylemsi\u201d yerine \u201cfiilimsi\u201d, \u201cs\u00f6zc\u00fck\u201d yerine \u201ckelime\u201d, \u201cyaz\u0131m\u201d yerine \u201ciml\u00e2\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerinde direnilmesi bu ilk a\u015famadan sadece birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnektir. Ayr\u0131ca \u201cayr\u0131 ve biti\u015fik yaz\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler\u201d konusunda \u00f6yle bir curcuna yaratt\u0131lar ki h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu sorunla bo\u011fu\u015fmaktay\u0131z. 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201ckurum i\u00e7i bir oylama ile\u201d yeniden \u201cYaz\u0131m K\u0131lavuzu\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 alan k\u0131lavuzda, o g\u00fcnd\u00fcr bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr \u00f6yle ilgin\u00e7 kurallar, kendi koydu\u011fu kurallar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemeler ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k ki\u2026<\/p>\n
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Bir sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131n konusu tam da bu ilgin\u00e7likler olacak.<\/p>\n
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Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn son s\u00f6z\u00fc:<\/p>\n
Y\u0131llard\u0131r dilim d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce \u00f6\u011frencilerime anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir \u015fey bu: Dilde \u201ceskici\u201dlerin kendilerinin bir yerlerinden uydurup s\u00f6zde Dil Devrimi yanl\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015f gibi \u00e7amur atmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u201cotob\u00fcs\u201d yerine \u201coturga\u00e7l\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrge\u00e7\u201d, \u201chostes\u201d yerine \u201cg\u00f6kkonutsal avrat\u201d, \u201ctroleyb\u00fcs\u201d yerine \u201cboynuzlu g\u00f6t\u00fcrge\u00e7\u201d gibi s\u00f6zde yeni s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin Dil Devrimi yanl\u0131lar\u0131 ile hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yoktur ama h\u00e2l\u00e2 bu t\u00fcr \u201cger\u00e7ekten uydurma\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin Dil Devrimcilerinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde b\u0131rakma gibi ahlaks\u0131zca bir tutumun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Ac\u0131 olan ise gen\u00e7lerin bu oyuna gelmeleri.<\/p>\n
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Bir dili zenginle\u015ftiren ve onu ham bir dil olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p i\u015flenmi\u015f bir dil durumuna getiren iki temel kaynak vard\u0131r: Y\u00f6resel ve ulusal \u00e7apta s\u00f6zc\u00fck<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,14],"tags":[38,37,39],"class_list":["post-2641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-halil-urgan","category-yazilar","tag-dusunce-ozgurlugu","tag-voltaire","tag-yasaklamalar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2641"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2642,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2641\/revisions\/2642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}