{"id":38313,"date":"2022-03-20T19:05:05","date_gmt":"2022-03-20T16:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sozbizde.com\/?p=38313"},"modified":"2022-03-20T19:34:24","modified_gmt":"2022-03-20T16:34:24","slug":"38313","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/2022\/03\/20\/38313\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcrt Ulusla\u015fma Enstr\u00fcman\u0131 Olarak Newroz"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Seyfi El\u00e7ibo\u011fa<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c1989 da Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettik. Ondan \u00f6nce ne Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne de Kurban Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne demek oldu\u011funu bilmiyorduk. Hepsini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6\u011frendik.\u201d (T\u00fcrk\u00fc Han\u0131m, 20 Ekim 2013)<\/span><\/p>\n

Bulgaristan devletinin y\u0131llarca T\u00fcrklerin k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inanc\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir benzeri Sovyetler Birli\u011fi zaman\u0131nda T\u00fcrki Cumhuriyetlerde de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1989\u2019da Sovyetler Birli\u011fi \u00fclkeleri da\u011f\u0131l\u0131nca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan eden Azerbaycan da 1992 Mart\u2019\u0131nda, o g\u00fcne dek yasak olan Navroz Bayram\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rkemli bir \u015fekilde ilk kez kutlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. T\u0131pk\u0131 Azerbaycan\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi Newroz\/Nevruz, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Kazakistan, Arnavutluk, Afganistan ve elbette \u0130ran\u2019da haftalar s\u00fcren temizlik, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f, yemekler, t\u00f6renler, piknikler ve olmazsa olmaz kabilinden yanan ate\u015fin \u00fczerinden atlamak ve \u00e7evresinde \u00e7alan m\u00fczi\u011fin sesiyle bol bol dans etmek gibi rit\u00fcellerle co\u015fkuyla kutlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr yaratma ve bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fatma evresinde gelenekler aras\u0131nda yer alan bayramlar\u0131 ba\u015f k\u00f6\u015feye oturtabiliriz. Bayramlar, bireyleri bir araya getirerek toplumsal ba\u011flar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir, ulusal aidiyet duygusu geli\u015fen birey bu sayede geleneklerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi yoluyla hem ulusu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir hem de bu sayede ait oldu\u011fu ulusun bir \u00fcyesi olman\u0131n mutlulu\u011funu ya\u015far.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ergenekon destan\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in vakayinamelerine dayand\u0131rarak ilk aktaran Rus \u015farkiyat\u00e7\u0131 Nikita Bi\u00e7urin\u2019den sonra nas\u0131l ki Ziya G\u00f6kalp bu destan\u0131 T\u00fcrk Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine iyi bir kurguyla, T\u00fcrklerin tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015fsa, \u0130hsan Nuri Pa\u015fa da K\u00fcrt Milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine Newroz\u2019u mitolojik kaynaklardan kurgulayarak Kaway\u00ea Hesinker (Demirci Kawa) ad\u0131yla kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve K\u00fcrtlerin tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Demirci Kawa efsanesiyle M\u00d6 612 y\u0131l\u0131na dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Newroz\/Nevruz Bayram\u0131, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda BM taraf\u0131ndan \u0130r\u00e2ni bir gelenek diye tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Firdevsi\u2019nin \u015eeyhn\u00e2me adl\u0131 eserinde, \u015eerefhan\u00ea Bedlis\u00ee\u2019nin \u015eerefn\u00e2me\u2019sinde, Ahmed Xan\u00ee\u2019nin Mem \u00fb Z\u00een adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda, Cigerxw\u00een ve Pir Sultan Abdal\u2019\u0131n \u015fiirlerinde bahsedilen Newroz\/Nevruz kavram\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 i\u00e7erik; Cem\u015fit, Feridun, Kawa(Gave), Dehhaq(zuhhak) gibi farkl\u0131 kahramanlar ve 1 Mart, 21 Mart, 1 Nisan, 31 A\u011fustos gibi farkl\u0131 kutlama g\u00fcnlerini i\u015faret etse de bu gelene\u011fin Orta Asya, \u0130ran ve Mezopotamya\u2019dan Hindistan, Afganistan ve Pakistan\u2019a dek uzanan geni\u015f co\u011frafi par\u00e7ada farkl\u0131 rit\u00fcellerle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinir. Kutlamalarda yer alan ate\u015f yakma fig\u00fcr\u00fc bu gelene\u011fe ait k\u00f6kenin Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011fe dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n adeta kan\u0131t\u0131 gibidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarat\u0131lmak istenen her gelenek milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131 sunmayabilir. Medeni toplumlarda gelene\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f film festivalleri, spor ve sanat aktiviteleri bunlar aras\u0131nda say\u0131labilir. Almanlar\u0131n bira festivali, Brezilyal\u0131lar\u0131n Rio Karnaval\u0131 ise art\u0131k birer milli sembol halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fcrtlerde mesela Koyun K\u0131rpma Festivali (Berxbir) geleneksel bir bayram haline getirilemedi. Oysa mitolojik \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc kurgu da olsa k\u00f6kleri \u00e7ok eskiye dayanan Newroz art\u0131k K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in bir milli sembol haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk siyasal algoritmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrkleri i\u00e7in unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f Nevruz gelene\u011fini, 1992\u2019den bu yana bahar bayram\u0131 ve Ergenekon’dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc ad\u0131yla canland\u0131rmaya ve \u00fclkenin geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 bu t\u00f6renlere \u00f6zendirerek Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131na katmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Halk\u0131n ilgi g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi bu t\u00f6renlerde \u00e7eki\u00e7le \u00f6rs d\u00f6vmek, yumurta toku\u015fturmak, yanan ate\u015fin \u00fczerinden tak\u0131m elbiseyle atlamak gibi devlet erk\u00e2n\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a zor olan anakronik film \u00e7ekimi k\u0131vam\u0131ndaki rit\u00fceller her sene g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fczce sahnelenir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Newroz ise K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in ulusla\u015fma evresinde \u00f6nemli bir enstr\u00fcman, K\u00fcrt siyasal algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n mitsel kaynaklar \u00fczerine kurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in milli kimlik harc\u0131 niyetine elinde s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 tuttu\u011fu dirili\u015f bayram\u0131 oldu. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren Irak\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki K\u00fcrtler ilk defa Newroz\u2019u politik anlam\u0131yla kutlamaya ve K\u00fcrt ulusla\u015fma evresinde \u00f6nemli bir enstr\u00fcman olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 1970\u2019li y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle e\u011fitim amac\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019nun Bat\u0131\u2019s\u0131nda bulunan K\u00fcrt \u00f6\u011frenciler Newroz\u2019u \u015fenlik havas\u0131yla kutlamaya y\u00f6neldiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

1980 askeri darbesinde Diyarbak\u0131r askeri cezaevinde tutulan K\u00fcrtler, Newroz\u2019un direni\u015f sembol\u00fc olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde eylem ve davran\u0131\u015flar sergilerler. 1991 Cizre Newroz\u2019u politik g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Devletin yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemde g\u00f6stericilere ate\u015f a\u00e7an g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri 31 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olur. Bir sonraki y\u0131l, 1992, T\u00fcrk siyasal algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n hem resmi Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hem de art\u0131k bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanan Newroz\u2019u sert\u00e7e bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sene olur. Resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re 57 ki\u015fi(gayr\u0131 resmi rakamlara g\u00f6re 94 ki\u015fi) a\u00e7\u0131lan ate\u015f nedeniyle can verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonraki y\u0131llarda Newroz yasa\u011f\u0131 devam ederken Nevruz kutlamalar\u0131na T\u00fcrki Cumhuriyetlerden \u00fcst d\u00fczey b\u00fcrokratlar davet edilir. D\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Turgut \u00d6zal, K\u00fcrt ulusla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, iki toplumlu T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf eder gibi bir paradigma de\u011fi\u015fimine i\u015faret eder: Anadolu Cumhuriyeti. Ba\u015fbakan Tansu \u00c7iller ise daha sonra buna Bask modeli diyecek ancak paradigma de\u011fi\u015fmeden kalacak, bu s\u00f6zler bir s\u00fcre sonra unutulacakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt siyasal algoritmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Newroz, Nevruz\u2019un tam aksine \u201cvar\u0131m, var olmaya devam edece\u011fim’ diyerek b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam eder. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in oldu\u011fu her yer de\u011fil, K\u00fcrt siyasal hareketinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu yerlerde Newroz sahiplenilir, politik bir bilin\u00e7le, ulusla\u015fma refleksiyle kutlan\u0131r. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda Mardin-Hakkari \u00e7izgisinde yo\u011funla\u015fan kutlamalar daha sonra yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131rken S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtler’in, Alevi K\u00fcrtlere g\u00f6re daha ge\u00e7 Newroz\u2019u kabullendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 K\u00fcrt siyasal etki alan\u0131na girmemi\u015f olan S\u00fcnni K\u00fcrtler Newroz\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmasalar da Newroz\u2019u kutlamazlar. Di\u011fer taraftan politikle\u015fmi\u015f K\u00fcrtler alanlara co\u015fkuyla y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel motifler ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u0131yafetleri, m\u00fczik ve halk danslar\u0131yla festivale \u00e7evirdikleri Newroz kutlamalar\u0131nda adeta nispet yaparlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu arada yasaklamalar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00fcdahalelerle zaman zaman \u00f6l\u00fcmler, protesto i\u00e7in kendini yakarak intihar etmeler ve tutuklamalar ya\u015fanmaya devam eder. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren kutlamalara uluslararas\u0131 toplum temsilcileri, sanat\u00e7\u0131lar, muhalif parti ve STK temsilcileri de davet edilir. Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ki K\u00fcrt siyasal algoritmas\u0131 Newroz\u2019a s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Newroz co\u015fkusunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beslenmi\u015f, bir yandan da olabildi\u011fince politikle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131 g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00fcrt siyasal algoritmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gelenekselle\u015fen Newroz\u2019un art\u0131k iki \u00f6nemli merkezi vard\u0131. Bat\u0131da \u0130stanbul ve do\u011fuda ise Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da yap\u0131lan mitinglerde kimi zaman milyonlar\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131mlarla kutlamalar yap\u0131l\u0131r. Siyasi mesajlar okunur. \u00dclkenin \u00f6nemli sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 bu kutlamalarda sahne al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 2016 Diyarbak\u0131r Newroz\u2019u, K\u00fcrt ve T\u00fcrk siyasal algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fti\u011fi tarihi bir mesaja tan\u0131kl\u0131k eder. \u00dclkeye, algoritmalar\u0131n g\u00fcncellenece\u011fine dair umudun zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Taraflar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck kuramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma hali yeniden belirene kadar 30 ay boyunca \u00fclke nefes alm\u0131\u015f, bu s\u00fcre boyunca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra ya\u015fanan \u015fiddet sarmal\u0131yla binlerce insan daha can verir. Zeytin Dal\u0131 Harekat\u0131yla Afrin\u2019e girildikten k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra \u00d6SO, Demirci Kawa heykelini y\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Newroz ile Nevruz aras\u0131ndaki rekabet b\u00f6ylece yeniden g\u00fcndeme gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131y\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m esnada Diyarbak\u0131r Valisi M\u00fcnir Karalo\u011flu’nun Twitter\u2019dan yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 mesaj\u0131 okuyup umutland\u0131m: \u201cDiyarbak\u0131r\u2019\u0131m\u0131z, \u00fclkemiz ve co\u011frafyam\u0131za ne\u015fe ve bereket getirsin. Nevruzumuz kutlu olsun. Newroza me p\u00eeroz be. Newroz\u00ea ma p\u00eeroz bo.\u201d\u00a0 Bu s\u00f6ylemin en az\u0131ndan bunun pop\u00fclist bir ad\u0131m olmamas\u0131n\u0131 umut ettim. Yasakl\u0131 olan \u201cw\u201d harfi ve K\u00fcrt\u00e7e bayram mesaj\u0131n\u0131, Diyarbak\u0131r gibi hem devlet hem de K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli kabul edilen bir \u015fehrimizin valisinin yap\u0131yor olmas\u0131,\u00a0 T\u00fcrk siyasal algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f oldu\u011fu izlenimi ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu durumu bir taraf\u0131n di\u011ferine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil, halk\u0131n yarar\u0131na olan ortak bir kazan\u0131m\u0131 olarak okuyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n

2022 Newroz\u2019u \/ Nevruz\u2019u anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir havada ge\u00e7ecek. Kutlamalar\u0131n kans\u0131z ge\u00e7mesini \u00fclkenin ferahlamas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunluluk olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. \u0130ki toplumlu bir yap\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek ulus \u00fczerine kurulmu\u015f devlet mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fime zorlamaktad\u0131r. Birbirine yabanc\u0131 insanlar, birbirlerinin ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve sevincini g\u00f6rmezlikten gelirler. Birbirlerini hissedemezler. Birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131, kendilerini sorumlu saymazlar. Politik d\u00fczlemde kutupla\u015fan bir toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n ileride her iki u\u00e7 i\u00e7in par\u00e7alanma riski ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 kayg\u0131lar oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. K\u00fcrtler\u2019in kom\u015fu devlet topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde de bloklar halinde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor olu\u015fu, bunun ileride K\u00fcrtler i\u00e7in devletle\u015fme tercihini olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 odaklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lge devletleri i\u00e7in bu tercihi bir tehdit gibi kullanma gayretleri ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 K\u00fcrt siyasal algoritmas\u0131n\u0131n da ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi destekleyen tav\u0131r ve s\u00f6ylemleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00fcven ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir. Bu meselenin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Her \u015feye ra\u011fmen d\u00fcnyada iki, \u00fc\u00e7 veya daha fazla toplumlu devletlerin demokratik ve istikrarl\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir sonucun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131na olan inanc\u0131m\u0131 peki\u015ftiriyor. K\u00fcrtlerin ulusla\u015fma evresinde Newroz\u2019u bug\u00fcnden sonra da en \u00f6nemli enstr\u00fcman olarak kullanmaya devam edeceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Seyfi El\u00e7ibo\u011fa \u201c1989 da Bulgaristan\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettik. Ondan \u00f6nce ne Ramazan Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne de Kurban Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ne demek oldu\u011funu bilmiyorduk. Hepsini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6\u011frendik.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1345,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","category-seyfi-elciboga","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38313"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38319,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38313\/revisions\/38319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}