{"id":43377,"date":"2022-06-28T23:25:09","date_gmt":"2022-06-28T20:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sozbizde.com\/?p=43377"},"modified":"2022-06-28T23:27:02","modified_gmt":"2022-06-28T20:27:02","slug":"43377","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/2022\/06\/28\/43377\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7 Olgusu"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6rt bin sene evvel yemye\u015fil olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bug\u00fcn g\u00f6be\u011finde suyu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tuzlu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6l bulunur. Bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u015eott Cedit\u2019in su y\u00fczeyinde biriken tuzlar, kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ka\u00e7 santim ile yer yer yar\u0131m metreyi bulan bir katman olu\u015fturur. Al\u00e7ak bas\u0131nc\u0131n etkisiyle kupkuru esen r\u00fczgarlar bak\u0131r renginde, k\u00f6ftelik bulgur irili\u011finde, cams\u0131 kum ile bu tuz katman\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyini \u00f6rter. G\u00f6l civar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan k\u00f6yl\u00fclerce g\u00f6l\u00fc ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ince patikalar aran\u0131r, ke\u015ffedilir. Kimi zaman binlerce deveyi bulan kervanlar, k\u00f6yl\u00fc rehber e\u015fli\u011finde, s\u0131rat k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc and\u0131ran bu patikalardan ge\u00e7er. Yolculuk esnas\u0131nda lider deve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla patikan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131 m\u0131 bir anda g\u00f6l\u00fcn sular\u0131nca yutularak can verir. K\u0131r\u0131lan tabakan\u0131n y\u00fczeyindeki oyuk, kaygan tuz ve kumla \u00f6ylesine h\u0131zl\u0131 kapan\u0131r ki binlerce deve, peyderpey, derinli\u011fi elli metreyi bulan g\u00f6l\u00fcn midesine d\u00fc\u015fer. Geride hi\u00e7birinden k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131 dahi kalmaz.<\/span>
\n\u00dclkelerini sava\u015f, yoksulluk ve siyasi bask\u0131lar nedeniyle terk eden g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin AB ve ABD\u2019ye uzanan g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu da t\u0131pk\u0131 \u015eott Cedit\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm yolu kadar tehlikelidir. \u00dclkeler aras\u0131nda hemen her durakta para \u00f6deme, taciz ve tecav\u00fcze u\u011frama, gaspa u\u011frama, \u015fiddet g\u00f6rme gibi tehlikeler ya\u015farlar. \u0130nsan ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015flik eden insan ticareti, g\u00f6\u00e7menleri bor\u00e7land\u0131ran, yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek s\u00f6m\u00fcren ve b\u00f6ylece g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 katmerle\u015ftiren bir bela olarak s\u00fcregider.<\/span>
\nHareket eden her canl\u0131 yer de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. B\u00f6cekler, insanlar ve hayvanlar g\u00f6\u00e7er; algler, mantarlar ve bitkiler ise yay\u0131l\u0131r. Fareler \u0130spanyol gemilerle Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r, atlar Orta Asya\u2019dan yerk\u00fcreye da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r; patates filizi Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndan, bu\u011fday ba\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Mezopotamya\u2019dan k\u0131talara yay\u0131l\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce ucu buca\u011f\u0131 olmayan topraklarda insan i\u00e7in aidiyet, yiyece\u011fin ve suyun oldu\u011fu her yerdi. Bug\u00fcn ise \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen devletlerin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fcnyada aidiyet ba\u011f\u0131na vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7kini vatans\u0131zlara g\u00f6\u00e7men, hukuki g\u00fcvence alana dek g\u00f6\u00e7menlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131, hukuki korumaya kavu\u015fan s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131ya da m\u00fclteci deniyor.<\/span>
\nGe\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda 1922-38\/Yunanistan\u2019dan 384 bin ki\u015fi, 1923-45\/Balkanlar\u2019dan 800 bin ki\u015fi, 1988\/Irak\u2019tan 51 bin ki\u015fi, 1989\/Bulgaristan\u2019dan 345 bin ki\u015fi, 1991\/Irak\u2019tan 467 bin ki\u015fi, 1992-98\/Bosna\u2019dan 20 bin ki\u015fi, 1999\/Kosova\u2019dan 17 bin ki\u015fi, 2001\/Makedonya\u2019dan 10 bin ki\u015fi, 2011- 2022\/Suriye\u2019den yakla\u015f\u0131k 3,76 milyon ki\u015fi ta\u015f devrinden beri g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu \u00fczerinde yer alan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f. Bunun aksi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde, 1961-1973\/T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Almanya\u2019ya 800 bin ki\u015fi misafir i\u015f\u00e7i stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f. G\u00f6\u00e7menler ile g\u00f6\u00e7 edilen \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan gerilim, iki buz da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi gibi \u00f6nce yabanc\u0131la\u015fma, sonra \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve nihayetinde uyum s\u00fcreci boyunca devam eden benzer \u00f6yk\u00fclere sahip bir travmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/span>
\nTarihte Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc, Kartaca Sava\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7leri, Orta Asya g\u00f6\u00e7leri, Afrika\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya ve Afrika\u2019dan Avrupa\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7ler gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7ler milyonlarca insan\u0131n yerinden yurdundan edildi\u011fi ve ayn\u0131 hacimde insan\u0131n da g\u00f6\u00e7 esnas\u0131nda can verdi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kitlesel olaylard\u0131. 1951 BM Cenevre M\u00fclteci S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sonras\u0131 tutulmu\u015f kay\u0131tlara g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 3,6\u2019s\u0131, yani 285 milyon insan g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131l\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte ABD, Kanada, T\u00fcrkiye ve Avustralya gibi kimi \u00fclkelerin n\u00fcfusu, k\u0131talar aras\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden olu\u015fmu\u015f. Turkish DNA Project Grubu verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tespit edilen Orta Asya genetik miras\u0131 %25-45 aras\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye, ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversiteleri taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen gen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 sonucuna g\u00f6reyse, T\u00fcrk toplumu ile Balkan, Kafkas ve Ortado\u011fu toplumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ortak genetik bile\u015fenler belirlenmi\u015f, \u0130talyan ve \u0130spanyollar ile benzerlikler bulunmu\u015f. Saf \u0131rk kavram\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k bilimsel bir de\u011feri kalmad\u0131. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir din gibi, daima var olacakm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen milliyet\u00e7ilik, demokratik ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve uyumun \u00f6n\u00fcnde engel. Oysa bilim ve teknolojide ilerleme kat etmeyen bir milletin y\u00fccelmeyece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k. Yine de T\u00fcrkl\u00fck kimli\u011fine s\u0131ms\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131larak milleti var edece\u011fi yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131na kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f on milyonlarca insan var. <\/span>
\nBebekler \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kukla deneylerinin de kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi insanlar do\u011fu\u015ftan kendilerine benzeyenlere do\u011fal olarak sempati duyarken kendilerine benzemeyen insanlar\u0131 cezaland\u0131rma e\u011filiminde olur. Bu kan\u0131t, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n insan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fundan itibaren var oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6sterir. Demek istedi\u011fim \u015fu ki evlilik yoluyla aileye eklenen gelin veya damat gibi tek tek fertlerden tutal\u0131m da i\u015fgal edilen ba\u015fka \u00fclkenin topraklar\u0131na demografik yap\u0131y\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f gruplara kadar her benzemez insan veya insan toplulu\u011fu yerle\u015fik halk taraf\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015flan\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir kal\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men \u00e7i\u00e7ek demetleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lanmaz. D\u00fcn Avrupal\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Hristiyanlar, Yahudilerin domuz gibi kendi pisli\u011fiyle beslendi\u011fine, domuz gibi \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve domuz gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc koktu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131. Bug\u00fcn \u0130srail\u2019de \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 Yahudiler Filistinli Araplar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan cahil, su\u00e7a yatk\u0131n ve e\u011fitilemez, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokan, pis ve sap\u0131k ruhlu olduklar\u0131na inan\u0131yor. Irk\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6tekine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 genellikle benzerdir: pis, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokan, sap\u0131k, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlu, su\u00e7a yatk\u0131n, e\u011fitilemez… Irk\u00e7\u0131 Hindular i\u00e7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in Hindular, Irk\u00e7\u0131 \u015eialar i\u00e7in S\u00fcnniler, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 S\u00fcnniler i\u00e7in \u015eialar ve Aleviler, Irk\u00e7\u0131 T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in K\u00fcrtler, Araplar ve Ermeniler, Irk\u00e7\u0131 Almanlar ve Irk\u00e7\u0131 Ermeniler i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkler benzer s\u00f6ylemler sarf edilerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131r. D\u00fcn Bulgaristan\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7en T\u00fcrklere \u201cDomuz gibi i\u00e7ip domuz gibi kokuyorlar\u201d diyenler bug\u00fcn benzer s\u00f6ylemleri Suriyeli ve Afgan g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor. <\/span>
\nAnadolu\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda bar\u0131nmak i\u00e7in yama\u00e7lara yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gecekondularda r\u00f6portaj yapan Ya\u015far Kemal, ta\u015fral\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin kentli \u0130stanbullular taraf\u0131ndan hor g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yazar. \u00d6yle ki kentliler minib\u00fcslerde ta\u015fral\u0131lara lafla sata\u015f\u0131r; ta\u015fral\u0131lar\u0131 hamal k\u0131yafetli, pis kokulu ve cahil olmakla su\u00e7lar; minib\u00fcslere binmemeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde telkinlerde bulunurmu\u015f. Ben de 1998 yaz\u0131nda Heybeliada\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken o y\u0131l adada turistik mekanlarda k\u00f6le gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan Romen ve Bulgar vatanda\u015flar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f, ellerinde sopayla bu insanlara amirlik yapan insan m\u00fcsveddelerine bak\u0131p hay\u0131flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Hakikaten \u00e7ok zor \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan o insanlar \u0130stanbullularca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lan\u0131yor ve eziyet \u00e7ekiyordu. <\/span>
\nYayg\u0131n inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n aksine \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k bir hastal\u0131k de\u011fil. Hastal\u0131k, organizmada meydana gelen tedavi edilebilir bir bozulma hali. Irk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ise BM’nin 4 Ocak 1969 tarihli 2106 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi “yasayla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacak su\u00e7” olarak ilan edilmi\u015f. (TBMM kabul tarihi: 3.4.2002, Kanun No. 4750, Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanma tarihi: 9.04.2002)<\/span>
\nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019nin(BMMYK) t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re g\u00f6\u00e7menler yerle\u015fik vatanda\u015flara oranla daha giri\u015fimci ve atak olur. Daha fazla risk alabildikleri i\u00e7in yeniliklere yatk\u0131n ve ba\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7 olur. G\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fckleri \u00fclkede su\u00e7 oranlar\u0131 genel n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 oran\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle geri d\u00f6nmeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere entegrasyon politikas\u0131 uygulanmas\u0131 tavsiye edilir. Yani, bir yandan yeni \u00fclkenin dilini, yasalar\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve tarihini \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6z\u00fcmsemeleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmal\u0131, beri yandan kendi dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ya\u015fayabilme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda entegrasyon birka\u00e7 nesil s\u00fcren uzun ve pek karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. M\u00fcltecilerin, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 entegrasyon politikalar\u0131yla g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikleri \u00fclkenin ekonomisini kalk\u0131nd\u0131rmada kald\u0131ra\u00e7 rol\u00fc oynad\u0131klar\u0131 yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla belgelendi. Almanya\u2019da uzun y\u0131llar misafir i\u015f\u00e7i stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde tutulan ancak daha sonra entegrasyon politikas\u0131na tabi tutulan 3. Ve 4. Ku\u015fak T\u00fcrkiyeli g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin %90\u2019\u0131 Almancay\u0131 iyi konu\u015fur, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta herhangi bir Alman vatanda\u015f\u0131 ile aralar\u0131nda pek bir fark g\u00f6r\u00fclmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seyfi El\u00e7ibo\u011fa <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u00f6rt bin sene evvel yemye\u015fil olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn bug\u00fcn g\u00f6be\u011finde suyu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tuzlu \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6l bulunur. Bunlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olan \u015eott Cedit\u2019in su<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1345,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seyfi-elciboga","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43377"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43379,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43377\/revisions\/43379"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32794"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}