{"id":44322,"date":"2022-07-18T07:43:51","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T04:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sozbizde.com\/?p=44322"},"modified":"2022-07-18T07:46:06","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T04:46:06","slug":"44322","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/2022\/07\/18\/44322\/","title":{"rendered":"YASALAR TOPLUMSAL, K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL VE CO\u011eRAF\u0130 GER\u00c7EKL\u0130\u011e\u0130M\u0130Z\u0130 DE\u011e\u0130\u015eT\u0130REB\u0130L\u0130R M\u0130? (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

6360 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ve kent ve k\u0131rsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimiz.-1-<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131rsal ve kentsel ayr\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerince bilim insanlar\u0131, uzman ve y\u00f6neticiler K\u0131r-Kent ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00f6netsel ve sosyal politika (B\u00f6lge planlamas\u0131, k\u00f6y-kent kalk\u0131nmas\u0131) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez \u00f6nemdedir. Kent-K\u0131rsal ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerince genel kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve kriterleri olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Konuya kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f baz\u0131 temel kriterlerle ba\u015flarsak,<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130dari stat\u00fc, hizmetlerin ve di\u011fer fonksiyonlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve boyutlar\u0131, tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan n\u00fcfusun oranlar\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131n yo\u011funlu\u011fu ve bi\u00e7imi, yerle\u015fim yerinin atmosferi yada yerle\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin hissedilen duygu, diye kriterleri s\u0131ralayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hangi alanlar\u0131n k\u0131rsal-hangi alanlar\u0131n k\u0131rsal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin saptamalar siyasi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. K\u0131rsal alanlara d\u00f6n\u00fck politikalar geli\u015ftirmek, k\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131n kendi i\u00e7indeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak tipolojiler olu\u015fturmak ve giri\u015fimlerde bulunmak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan elde edilen veriler k\u0131ymetlidir. Uluslararas\u0131 k\u0131r ve kentsel n\u00fcfus tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131nda k\u0131r\u2019\u0131n km karedeki n\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu 100 ki\u015fi e\u015fik de\u011fer kabul edilmektedir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo Mersin \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc e dergi\/2020 yay\u0131n\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
TANIM<\/span><\/td>\nN\u00fcfus \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0K\u00f6y<\/span><\/td>\n0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -2.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kasaba-k\u00f6y<\/span><\/td>\n2.000\u00a0\u00a0 -3.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kasaba<\/span><\/td>\n3.000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -8.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u015eehir-kasaba<\/span><\/td>\n9.000\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 -11.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehir<\/span><\/td>\n10.000\u00a0\u00a0 -50.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Orta b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir<\/span><\/td>\n50.000\u00a0\u00a0 -100.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir<\/span><\/td>\n100.000 -1..000.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Metropoliten<\/span><\/td>\n1.000.000 b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablodan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri uluslararas\u0131 kabullere uyumlu oldu\u011fudur. T\u00fcrkiye 1924\u2019te \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 442 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunla k\u0131rsal alan tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015fsa da tan\u0131m ile uygulamalar aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkileri de vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok kentsel alan k\u0131rsal, bir\u00e7ok k\u0131rsal alansa kentsel \u00f6zelliktedir. Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6rneklersek \u00f6zellikle ege ve g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z turizm b\u00f6lgeleri olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ve tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine turizm faaliyetlerinin aktif olmas\u0131 sebebiyle k\u0131rsal say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi yine sanayi kentlerinin yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda ve i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6ylerinde art\u0131k k\u0131rsal say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00f6rnekleri \u00e7o\u011faltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00f6y ve k\u0131rsal terimlerinden herkesin bildi\u011fi anlamda k\u00f6y veya k\u0131rsal anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, bir sabah yasa koyucunun bir yasa ile horozlar\u0131n bu yasayla birlikte \u201cTAVUK\u201d a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0 s\u00f6ylese bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ne kadar sa\u00e7ma ve ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm oluyorsa ;yasa koyucunun 6360 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehir belediyesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 illerin k\u00f6ylerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlere ba\u011fl\u0131 birer mahalle yapt\u0131m demesi de k\u00f6yl\u00fc n\u00fcfusunu \u015fehirli yapt\u0131m demesi de o kadar manas\u0131z ve ge\u00e7ersizdir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00fclkelerin geli\u015fmi\u015flik d\u00fczeyleri ile kentle\u015fme oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki do\u011frudur, burada g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi gereken \u015fey bu ili\u015fkinin kurulma bi\u00e7imidir. Tar\u0131ma ve tar\u0131m sanayine elveri\u015fli co\u011frafyalar\u0131n terk edilerek yada ettirilerek kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesi veya yasalarla kentli yap\u0131lmas\u0131 do\u011fru bir ili\u015fki de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de iktidarlar\u0131n, mevcut durumlar\u0131 \u00a0oldu\u011fundan daha iyi g\u00f6sterme e\u011fillimleri abart\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde vard\u0131r ve bu yeni bir \u015fey de de\u011fildir. K\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck ve k\u0131rsall\u0131k Modernle\u015fmedeki en zay\u0131f yan\u0131m\u0131z olmas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok partili d\u00f6nemle birlikte k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus u az g\u00f6sterme e\u011filimi 6360 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun da oldu\u011fu gibi yasalarla kentle\u015fme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bakal\u0131m ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimiz okus pokuscu yasal d\u00fczenleme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla ne kadar \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye 769,6milyon dekarl\u0131k karasal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn %30,8 olan tar\u0131m alan\u0131n\u0131n %82,5\u2019unda tah\u0131l ve di\u011fer bitkisel \u00fcr\u00fcnler yeti\u015ftirilir,tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %52,3 \u00fc i\u015flenen alanlar %9,1 \u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc bitkiler alt\u0131ndaki alanlard\u0131r(Meyvelikler) %38,6 s\u0131 mera ve \u00e7ay\u0131r alanlar\u0131d\u0131r.Son y\u0131llarda imara a\u00e7\u0131lan alanlar ve tar\u0131m yapmaktan \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle vazge\u00e7ilen tar\u0131m arazimiz tespit edilebildi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla 3 tarkya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde oldu\u011fudur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yasalarla yada dayat\u0131lan ekonomik ve politik nedenlerle k\u0131r dan kente g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen n\u00fcfus hareketlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir,rakamlar 6360 say\u0131l\u0131 yasay\u0131 destekler niteliktemidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus yerle\u015fkelerimizin kanun larla belirlendi\u011fi \u00fclkemiz de kent n\u00fcfusumuz 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda %73,3 iken 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilgili yasan\u0131n cazibesi ve g\u00fcc\u00fc ile %91,3 olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.soru \u015fu bu art\u0131\u015f do\u011fal bir art\u0131\u015fm\u0131d\u0131r? Yada bu nas\u0131l bir art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Cevap Hormonlu bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kesin ve nettir g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yasal d\u00fczenleme ile bir gecede de\u011fi\u015fen n\u00fcfusu bilmek bize gelece\u011fi planlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i veriler sunmaz,oysa ger\u00e7ek k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfusumuzu bilmek ileride yap\u0131lacak pro\u011framlar ad\u0131na \u00f6nemli olaca\u011f\u0131ndan k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc elimden geldi\u011fince irdelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lk n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131\u00a0 1927 de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ilk verimiz do\u011fal olarak 1927 den ba\u015flay\u0131p n\u00fcfus hareketlerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m,kent ve k\u0131r olan demografik n\u00fcfus durumu de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, iktidarlarca belirlenen politikalar\u0131n kentsellik vurgusu alt\u0131nda olu\u015ftu\u011fu,kentle\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131rsal\u0131n ve orada ya\u015fayan insan\u0131n g\u00f6zard\u0131 edildi\u011fi hatta yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi ile;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/span><\/td>\n\u0130l-il\u00e7e<\/span><\/td>\nK\u00f6y<\/span><\/td>\nToplam<\/span><\/td>\nKent%<\/span><\/td>\nK\u00f6y%<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1927<\/span><\/td>\n3.306.000<\/span><\/td>\n10.432.000<\/span><\/td>\n13.649.000<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1960<\/span><\/td>\n8.859.731<\/span><\/td>\n18.895.089<\/span><\/td>\n27.754.820<\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980<\/span><\/td>\n16.645.007<\/span><\/td>\n25.091.950<\/span><\/td>\n44.736.957<\/span><\/td>\n%44<\/span><\/td>\n%56<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2000<\/span><\/td>\n44.006.184<\/span><\/td>\n23.797.743<\/span><\/td>\n68.803.927<\/span><\/td>\n%65<\/span><\/td>\n%35<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2012<\/span><\/td>\n58.448.431<\/span><\/td>\n17.178.953<\/span><\/td>\n75.627.384<\/span><\/td>\n%77<\/span><\/td>\n%23<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2013<\/span><\/td>\n74.761.132<\/span><\/td>\n6.049.393<\/span><\/td>\n80.810.525<\/span><\/td>\n%92,5<\/span><\/td>\n%7,5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2022<\/span><\/td>\n78.908.361<\/span><\/td>\n5.771.642<\/span><\/td>\n84.680.273<\/span><\/td>\n%93<\/span><\/td>\n%7<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tablo da dikkat edilmesi gereken 2012-2013 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus ile 2013-2022 k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus aras\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fikliktir.2012-2013 de\u011fi\u015fimi br gecede yasa ile hayali bir kent n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve 2013 -2022 aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131rdan kente g\u00f6\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n8 y\u0131lda sadece 277.751. dir,bu iki rakamlar aras\u0131ndaki temel \u00e7eli\u015fkilere ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bakaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

6360 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ve kent ve k\u0131rsal ger\u00e7ekli\u011fimiz.-1- K\u0131rsal ve kentsel ayr\u0131m\u0131ndaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerince bilim insanlar\u0131, uzman ve y\u00f6neticiler K\u0131r-Kent ayr\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":44227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1358,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sayim-ozbayrak","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44322"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44325,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44322\/revisions\/44325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/44227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arsiv.sozbizde.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}